Ed Slott: IRS' Cure for Conflicts Could 'Wipe Out' IRAs

News August 29, 2024 at 03:29 PM
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What You Need To Know

  • The takeaway for advisors from a new GAO report, according to Slott: More regulation is likely on the way.
  • The CPA sees the report as yet another futile effort by regulators to protect consumers from bad actors.
  • The enforcement mechanism against prohibited transactions is excise taxes, which can hurt clients, Slott says.
headshot of IRA expert Ed Slott

The takeaway for advisors from the just-released Government Accoutability Report on IRA conflicts is that "unfortunately, more regulation is on the way and that means more burdensome compliance paperwork," according to IRA and tax expert Ed Slott of Ed Slott & Co.

"Yes, the report shows that there are concerns about conflicts of interest and they want to do something about it," Slott told ThinkAdvisor Thursday in an email exchange. "But everything they have tried … hasn't really worked."

He cited the Labor Department's fiduciary rule, the best-interest contract exemption that was part of the 2016 fiduciary rule, and consumer protection efforts by the Securities and Exchange Commission and others.

The GAO report released Wednesday, Agencies Can Better Oversee Conflicts of Interest between Fiduciaries and Investors, "is yet another futile effort by the regulatory agencies to ostensibly protect consumers from bad actors, who will still be unethical, and put their own interests first," Slott relayed.

The report was commissioned by members of Congress and released Wednesday by Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., ranking member on the House Education and Workforce Committee, as well as Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee Chairman Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., and Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash.

Lawmakers asked GAO to assess where issues around conflicts of interest and investment advice stand today, after the Labor Department's 2016 fiduciary rule, which was vacated by a Texas court in 2018.

'Useless Paperwork'

While "there are inherent conflicts of interest in selling financial products," Slott said, "there are the same conflicts in almost every consumer transaction. Advisors get paid like other business people."

The report says "the government (IRS) needs to step up holding advisors accountable, and that sounds good for consumers, but everything any agency has attempted has only buried good advisors in needless piles of useless paperwork that clients don't understand anyway," Slott said.

"Clients spend more time signing forms than speaking with advisors about their financial affairs."

Is the Cure Worse Than the Disease?

The report focused on identifying prohibited transactions "to protect clients from supposedly unscrupulous advisors pushing these investments," Slott said. "Yes, that's wrong and better educated advisors (especially on the IRA tax rules) should know better."

On the surface, Slott continued, "these protections sound good. But the very protections the report advises (to identify and assess the prohibited transaction excise taxes against the advisors — and some of those penalties could be 100% tax on the prohibited transaction), could inadvertently wipe out a client's IRA," Slott maintained.

As cited in the report, "a prohibited transaction in an IRA (for self-dealing, for example) causes the entire IRA to be invalidated and treated as a taxable distribution of the entire IRA balance, triggering huge taxes and potential penalties — and ends that IRA," Slott said. "How could that be good for the client?"

In its report, GAO recommended that the IRS develop and implement "a proactive process to identify prohibited transactions between IRA fiduciaries and IRAs, and assess any associated excise tax."

Only the IRS can enforce excise tax to safeguard retirement savings, the report states. "However, the IRS does not have a process to do so," the report said.

Responded Slott: "That's correct. Right now, prohibited transactions in an IRA are only discovered on audit by IRS (often inadvertently, while questioning something else on the tax return) or by lawsuits from creditors."

IRAs are protected in bankruptcy under federal law, Slott added.

"But once those funds are no longer IRA funds, they become available to creditors. A prohibited transaction eliminates the IRA creditor protection shield, because the funds are deemed distributed and no longer IRA funds," Slott continued. "Bankruptcy trustees looking to uncover assets for creditors will seek to expose potential prohibited transactions to break the bankruptcy protections and gain access to the now unprotected IRA funds to pay creditors. That's where we see most IRA prohibited transactions found."

Bad Apples Still Bad

"I don't believe that advisor conflicts of interest, ethics or morals can be legislated," Slott said.

"The bad apples are still bad. All advisors can do is to build trust by being honest, ethical and always doing what's right for the client," according to Slott. "Advisors that do this already know that this is the best way to serve clients and grow their business."

The area addressed in the GAO report "comes down to trust and 'buyer beware' for the client," Slott opined.

"Advisors need to earn the trust from their clients. That's the best protection for consumers."

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