Tax Facts

8604 / What is a “capital asset”?

Generally, any property held as an investment is a capital asset, except that rental real estate is typically not a capital asset because it is treated as a trade or business asset.1The Code defines a “capital asset” by exclusion. So for purposes of determining whether a certain type of property is a capital asset, the following types of property are excluded:

(1) property (including inventory and stock in trade) held primarily for sale to customers;

(2) real or depreciable property used in the taxpayer’s trade or business;

(3) patents, inventions, models or designs (whether or not patented), a secret formula or process, copyrights and literary, musical, or artistic compositions (or similar properties) created by the taxpayer, or merely owned by him, if the taxpayer’s basis in the property is determined (other than by reason of IRC Section 1022, which governs the basis determination of inherited property) by reference to the creator’s tax basis;

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