In 2025, the 28 percent rate applies to excess taxable income above $119,550 for married taxpayers filing separately and $239,100 for all other noncorporate taxpayers.
In 2024, the 28 percent rate applies to excess taxable income above $116,300 for married taxpayers filing separately and $232,600 for all other noncorporate taxpayers.
In 2023, the 28 percent rate applied to excess taxable income above $110,350 for married taxpayers filing separately and $220,700 for joint returns, individual returns, and estate and trusts.