Wealth managers working with clients focused on retirement planning rightly put a lot of focus on ensuring their clients won't run out of money late in life, but in the experience of Mike Piper, a certified public accountant and author, too little attention is paid to the "opposite risk" of significant underconsumption.
This is especially true in the high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth arena, Piper says, and wealth managers working in this space should take time to consider whether their clients may be crossing the line from prudence to paranoia when it comes to retirement spending.
Piper shared this warning on the latest episode of Morningstar's The Long View podcast, hosted by Christine Benz and Jeff Ptak. During the discussion, Piper, Benz and Ptak dug into the ways the planning effort looks different for those clients who "clearly have enough wealth" to navigate the retirement journey.
In such cases, advisors who can help their clients balance their own personal consumption with their goals for giving to charity and leaving a family legacy can deliver tremendous value — and peace of mind.
Striking the right balance, Piper says, will allow a client to enjoy their heard-earned wealth while also ensuring the goals of charitable giving and legacy planning get their due. It can also help the advisor bring clients' spouses, children and grandchildren into the planning process, deepening the ties between the advisor and the client's family.
In the end, helping a client feel comfortable and confident about their spending and giving is an important part of holistic advice, Piper says.
When Enough Is Enough
While there is a lot of nuance baked into the question, there is a relatively straightforward calculation to help determine when a client has "enough" wealth for retirement, Piper says, and it's based in a very familiar rule of thumb in the planning community.
Basically, if an individual has a stated income need of, for example, $150,000 per year, and they also have a pool of wealth from which they can reasonably expect to draw that amount annually while having these withdrawals represent less than 4% of their assets, then they have "enough" to comfortably retire.
"That's basically the battle-tested lower limit of what it means to have enough for retirement," Piper proposes. "Typically, I would say that the younger you are and the lower the interest rates are at the time, the more we want to be looking towards a 3% figure, and the further you are into retirement and the higher the interest rates are, the more that 4% figure or higher is applicable."
From this baseline, the advisor can start to tell just how far ahead of having "enough" an individual or couple might be. While this is all personal and based on lifestyle expectations, if a person can draw $200,000 or $300,000 per year from their portfolio and not even begin to approach the 3% or 4% limit, then they clearly have a lot of wealth.
"They clearly have enough to comfortably steward them through even a lengthy retirement period — assuming they set and stick to a reasonable annual budget," Piper says.
A Fundamental Discomfort With Spending
One might assume that a client who is fortunate enough to be in this situation would be able to set their money worries aside and live a carefree financial life in retirement. But, as many advisors will already know, that is far from the truth.
Simply put, Piper warns, there can be some powerful psychological barriers that people face with respect to feeling comfortable about spending money on themselves during retirement — or even in giving money away to charities or to the next generation.
"There are a few reasons that a [wealthy] person might be feeling that way," Piper says. "To start, I think sometimes, it's just natural personality. The same character traits that led a person to accumulate a large sum of money — it might mean that they are also an anxious person who is typically nervous about the future. To this point in life it has all just been save, save, save."
Of course, a person's lifestyle in retirement and their use of their wealth is their own prerogative, and advisors should not assume that a person who is living way below their means is somehow making a mistake. That said, if an advisor suspects it is sheer nervousness or discomfort that is preventing the client from reasonably enjoying more of their wealth, this could be cause for a more frank discussion.
"You can take a research-based approach to talking about this," Piper suggests. "There's a considerable amount of research on the topics of what types of spending are most likely to result in an increase in happiness. Because the point here isn't just to spend more for the sake of spending more. The point is, if you're going to increase your spending, lets figure out how to do it in a way that's going to make you happier and meaningfully improve your quality of life."
Higher Spending That Counts
As Piper recalls, research in this field, broadly speaking, supports two big conclusions.
