'Accredited Investor' Definition Sparks House Debate

News February 08, 2023 at 02:59 PM
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Lawmakers debated Wednesday during a House hearing whether the definition of accredited investor should be amended further, zeroing in on an upcoming proposed rulemaking by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

"Congress must modernize the outdated accredited investor definition and expand the number of individuals who qualify as accredited investors to open up more funding opportunities for all entrepreneurs," Rep. Ann Wagner, R-Mo., chairwoman of the House Financial Services Capital Markets Subcommittee, said during the hearing, titled "Sophistication or Discrimination? How the Accredited Investor Definition Unfairly Limits Investment Access for the Non-wealthy and the Need for Reform."

At issue during the hearing was the SEC's plan to issue in April an update to the financial thresholds in the accredited investor definition.

"It is no secret that SEC Chairman Gary Gensler's agenda includes sweeping new regulations in our private markets that would create barriers for investors and entrepreneurs to participate in those markets," Wagner said during the hearing.

According to the SEC's rulemaking agenda, Gensler intends to amend "the accredited investor definition by increasing the annual income and net worth thresholds."

Rep. Brad Sherman, D-Calif., said that "we need a definition of a private placement that makes sense and that doesn't mean it should be more restrictive or less restrictive than we have now, but it should be different."

Private markets "are important," Sherman said. "They're inherently risky, they tend to be small and start-up. You don't get the level of information, you don't have the level of liquidity; we shouldn't be lowering standards, but we should be rationalizing standards. We shouldn't have wealth as a barrier we should have sophistication and we have to define what is a sophisticated investor — determine whether you can be vicariously sophisticated by hiring an advisor and any advisor has got to be absolutely independent."

Under SEC rules, an accredited investor is someone with a net worth that exceeds $1 million or an annual income in excess of $200,000 (or $300,000 jointly with a spouse).

In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act directed the SEC to adjust the calculation of a natural person's net worth by excluding the value of a person's primary residence from the calculation, "shrinking the pool of people qualified as accredited investors," explained Jennifer Schulp, director of Financial Regulation Studies at the right-leaning Cato Institute in Washington.

Schulp testified that the SEC's accredited investor definition is "unfair," and gives the agency "the authority to decide who gets to invest where: public markets for most, but public and private markets for those it judges to be worthy. Such paternalism — limiting how people can invest their money—is objectionable in itself. The SEC should not be charged with protecting individuals from their choices to take certain kinds of financial risk."

In 2020, the SEC updated the definition by allowing investors to qualify as "accredited investors" based on defined measures of professional knowledge, experience or certifications — including holding certain Financial Industry Regulatory Authority licenses — in addition to the existing tests for income or net worth.

In 2021, Rep. Patrick McHenry, R-N.C., now chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, introduced the Equal Opportunity for All Investors Act, which directed the SEC to create an exam that people with investment knowledge and expertise can take to be certified as an accredited investor.

Wagner said Wednesday during the hearing that the committee looked forward to moving ahead with some legislative proposals that address the accredited investor definition.

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