Interest rates are headed higher and, even if the trajectory is a choppy one, the U.S. 10-year Treasury note is expected to end the year with a 2%-2.5% yield, according to bond strategists.
Its current yield is around 1.60%, up from 0.92% at the end of last year but down from 1.74% at the end of March.
"The vaccine rollout was more rapid and successful than we expected, and the fiscal stimulus was more than twice what we thought it would be … and we expect even more," said Kathy Jones, chief fixed income strategist for the Schwab Center for Financial Research, explaining the overall rise in interest rates.
As a result of the stimulus, which put thousands of dollars into the pockets of most American families, and the vaccine rollout, the U.S. economy rebounded, surging at a 6.4% annual growth rate in the first quarter. The second quarter could be even stronger.
President Joe Biden's American Jobs Plan and American Families plan would add even more stimulus — close to $4 trillion over eight to 10 years following the almost $5 trillion in emergency aid passed by the Trump and Biden administrations. But those plans are likely to be reduced in size to ensure their passage, even if done through reconciliation, which would require only Democratic votes.
Stronger Economy, Rising Inflation Expectations
"The U.S. economy is off and running," wrote Mark Zandi in his recent economic update. "Real GDP grew at a boom-like 6.4% annualized rate in the first quarter, and a double-digit gain is more than likely in the current quarter. Consumers led the charge in the first quarter, but business investment and homebuilding were also robust."
That growth, coupled with rising inflationary expectations and actual inflation, is expected to send rates even higher.
"Inflation is picking up," Zandi wrote. "The core consumer expenditure deflator, the inflation measure used by the Federal Reserve to determine monetary policy, jumped in March and is back close to the Fed's 2%-through-the-business-cycle target."
Some of the jump is due to what the Fed calls base effect, comparing current inflation levels with extremely depressed levels a year ago, but that effect will moderate in time, along with spiking commodity and industrial prices as supplies rebound and pandemic-induced supply chain problems are solved, according to Zandi.
Fed Chairman Jerome Powell has said repeatedly that rising prices are transitory and that the Fed will tolerate inflation above 2% temporarily so that inflation on average rises to its 2% target.
But Kevin Flanagan, head of fixed income strategy at WisdomTree, notes that the breakeven spreads between the 10-Year Treasury Inflation-Protected Security (TIPS) and the 10-year Treasury note is suggesting otherwise, sitting at 243 basis points, its widest level since 2013. "Ultimately the 10-year Treasury yield doesn't stop at 2% and probably overshoots," Flanagan said.
Bond Investment Strategies
Given these expectations for higher yields, Flanagan and Jones both recommend investing in bonds with shorter duration (which have less sensitivity to rising rates) than their usual benchmarks.
