Randy Carver
There are thousands of pages to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, among the particulars, a host of strategies for reducing income taxes. Applying the code that way is both "legal and smart," says Randy Carver, who has taught continuing education accountancy to CPAs and is president-CEO of Carver Financial Services, an RIA with more than $1.6 billion in assets under management.
Indeed, wealthy Americans avail themselves of the code to reduce their taxes, and it is a strategy that President Donald Trump vigorously brought to bear for at least the last two decades, according to a recent investigative report from The New York Times.
The top 1% of U.S. earners have long been accused of failing to pay their fair share of federal income taxes. But it is the top 1% who are in fact paying most federal taxes, Carver argues.
The RIA further insists that the notion that big tax breaks were afforded to the uppermost echelon of earners via the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 is misconstrued.
Rather, he says, whenever the top marginal tax rate is cut, the amount paid by the wealthiest — known as the effective rate — has increased. Thus, historically, reducing the marginal rate for the top 1% has shifted the tax burden to them, rather than away from them, Carver maintains.
In the interview, the advisor also discusses — and strenuously finds fault with — former Vice President Joe Biden's plan for tax increases, which, he says, would "slam the brakes on the economy" by hurting businesses and jobs.
Carver, 56, whose firm is an affiliated practice of Raymond James Financial, became an FA more than three decades ago. Named a Barron's top independent advisor every year for the last decade, he has been a member of Raymond James' Chairman's Council for the past 28 years.
ThinkAdvisor recently interviewed Carver by phone. He was speaking from Mentor, Ohio, where his firm, launched in 1990, is based. Discussing investments' tax impact as a critical part of financial advisory, he stresses: The net return — "how much you keep after fees, expenses and taxes" — is even more important to focus on than the gross return.
Here are highlights of our conversation:
THINKADVISOR: The New York Times investigated President Trump's tax documents for more than the last 20 years and reports that he paid only $750 in federal taxes in 2016 and in 2017 and no federal tax in 10 of the prior 15 years. What's your reaction to the piece?
RANDY CARVER: The timing of the story is pretty suspicious given the Nov. 3 election. All of a sudden, this comes out! So people are asking: Is Trump cheating the system? That [view] is more political than anything.
What's your reaction to The Times' article in terms of the legality of Trump's income tax liability and payments?
Without looking at the returns, we really don't know. The Times looked at some stuff, but we don't know what they saw and what they based [their story] on. So we don't know whether Trump paid $750 in taxes or millions in taxes, as he alluded to.
Given his high income, would it be legal for Trump to pay only $750 for a tax year?
Ninety-one companies in the Fortune 500 — including Amazon, Starbucks and Netflix — are paying no tax; in 2019, they had an effective [actual] tax rate of zero or less. In fact, some of the companies are getting money from the government in grants and credits. That these companies haven't paid taxes at all isn't illegal. It's just using the tax code to their advantage.
But what about Trump's returns?
I think the same thing would be true of him. There's nothing illegal paying the least amount of taxes by using the tax code.
Please elaborate.
Anything that Donald Trump did [regarding his taxes], in, say, 2015-2018, was because of the Biden-Obama tax plan. So assuming what he did was legal, he was just taking advantage of the way the tax code was written.
Please discuss the fact that minimizing income tax — tax avoidance — is legal.
Tax avoidance lowers your tax bill by structuring your business so you can reap the biggest benefits according to the tax code. That's legal and smart. Tax evasion is radically different and illegal. It's an attempt to reduce your tax liability by subterfuge or concealment. That's a crime.
The Times reported that Trump is in debt for more than $400 million, which is said to pose a national security risk. The question arises: To whom is he in debt? What are your thoughts?
I don't buy the whole thing that Trump is beholden to [a powerful person who lent him money]. But again, without seeing the actual tax returns and loan documents, we don't know what's been paid and what's owed. All this is speculative. Trump could [theoretically] sell one property and pay off all the debt they're talking about. But debt is a leverage, and it's not really a debt if you have the assets to pay it off — whether you're Trump or anyone else.
There's a presumption that the top 1% of Americans aren't paying their fair share in taxes because they're gaming the system. What do you say?
