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Advisors who dabble with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) can unwittingly run afoul of its regulatory requirements and/or prohibitions. ERISA is one of the most impactful pieces of legislation passed in the world of investment management.
Along with various structural, administrative, and disclosure requirements, ERISA also introduced the concept of prohibited transactions. Broadly speaking, prohibited transactions could be characterized as certain types of transactions that are presumed to have been improperly influenced due to an interested individual's role or financial interest in the transaction. My colleague and DOL expert regarding advisory matters, Ryan Walter, elaborated.
Advisors face plenty of prohibited transaction concerns in their everyday practices, he said. Prohibited transactions could occur in a variety of common contexts, whether by directing retirement investors to proprietary products, pulling advisory fees from retirement plan assets or using ERISA fiduciary status to solicit new business. Sometimes there are exemptions to prohibited transactions, and often there are not.
These pitfalls can be particularly dangerous when working with a client who is a business owner. Countless businesses of all sizes across the country offer ERISA-qualified retirement plans to their employees. The company offering the plan is generally considered the sponsor of the plan and is tasked with the fiduciary responsibility for managing and administering the plan.
Unique prohibited transaction concerns arise when an individual or entity acts as a fiduciary to an ERISA plan. Ryan stressed that certain restrictions mean that a business owner cannot use the assets of his or her business ERISA plan to strike a deal with an advisor for preferential fees or services. A common example is:
