Part of our job as advisors is to help our clients see the importance of preparing for potential disaster in advance. It could be as simple as helping them make and periodically review a "hurricane checklist" to prepare them for major swings in the market. Here are a few ideas we recommend to our clients:
- Make sure you have sufficient emergency cash reserves — Keep at least 3-6 months of living expenses in cash, money market funds, or other extremely liquid investments. You don't want to have to draw on your longer-term investments during a downturn and lock in losses.
- Align your long-term allocation with your goals and risk tolerance — In our private client business, we've found that most people's optimal risk/reward tradeoff is a moderate balance of stocks and bonds — around 60/40. Most investors don't have the emotional fortitude to stick with an all-stock allocation that is down 30-40%, even if in the long run it has better potential returns. Having a chunk in bonds can provide ballast to partly insulate the portfolio in turbulent markets.Another habit that may benefit investors during major market swings is dollar cost averaging, because you end up buying more shares when prices are cheaper and less when they're expensive. This is one of the best features of 401(k)s (besides employer matching) — they encourage a disciplined stream of dollar-cost-averaged contributions over a long period of time, which can be a great way to build wealth.
- Diversify, but don't "diworsify" — Do you have any stocks you've owned for the last nine bull market years that have ballooned to 10-20% or more of your portfolio? If so, it's a good idea to pare back those concentrated positions, which should reduce overall portfolio risk. The last thing you need is to be stuck in a position where 80% of your portfolio is in five tech stocks when bad company news hits or the market starts getting volatile. In many cases, you may have unrealized losses that can offset some of the gains from those sales.The benefits of diversification have been well established, but diversification is like wine — a glass a day may be good for you, but that doesn't mean a bottle a day is better. It is possible to over-diversify, or as we like to call it, "diworsify." Empirical studies have shown that 30-40 stocks are all you need to virtually eliminate company-specific risk, and anything beyond that has little incremental impact.
At Intrepid, part of our process is to limit positions to maximum 4-5% weights at cost, so on average each strategy generally holds 25-40 positions at a time. We want enough holdings that one company can't tank the whole portfolio, but few enough that we can have a thorough understanding of everything we own.
- Know what you own — Not truly understanding the businesses behind the stocks is what causes most investors to buy or sell at the worst times based on emotion. Look for companies that are profitable, generate positive cash flows, and trade at a reasonable multiple of those profits and cash flows. This may eliminate many of the most popular high-flying growth stocks, but it also tends to help avoid landmines.For those who outsource their stock and bond selection decisions, the same principle applies to investing in mutual funds — if you don't fully understand the underlying strategy, what it owns, and when it's likely to outperform or underperform, you're very likely to lack conviction and abandon ship at the first sign of trouble or underperformance. Rule of thumb: Whether it's a business, a fund, or a cryptocurrency, if you can't clearly explain it and articulate why you own it to a fifth-grader, you probably don't understand it well enough.
There's clearly much more to safeguarding your investments, but investors who follow these suggestions are likely to be much better prepared than most of their peers in the next economic or market downturn. No one knows when the current cycle will end, but like hurricanes in Florida, it's only a matter of time. Are your clients ready?
Mark is a co-founder of Intrepid Capital. He is also the lead portfolio manager of the Intrepid Capital Fund, the Intrepid Disciplined Value Fund, the separately managed Intrepid Balanced and Intrepid Disciplined Value portfolios and the Intrepid Capital, L.P. He has over 30 years of experience in asset management. Mark received his B.A. in economics from the University of Georgia. Travis serves on the Board of Trustees of The Bolles School and the Board of Directors of Jacksonville Clay Target Sports. He is also a member of the Ponte Vedra Rotary Club and YPO-WPO.
