The number of Chinese registered as suffering from depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, dementia, and other mental illnesses increased by 25% between 2014 and 2016, according to Chinese authorities. By one recent accounting, they number 173 million. Only 20 million receive professional treatment.
Long-standing social stigmas and a lack of treatment options account for most of the gap. But those biases and institutional weaknesses are starting to break down. This week, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital Co. Ltd., a chain of psychiatric hospitals, announced that it's seeking a $29.5 million initial public offering on China's A-share market — making it the first mental-health-focused business to be listed in mainland China. It won't be 2018′s flashiest or most lucrative IPO. But in terms of social significance, its value can't be underestimated.
The need is acute. Four decades of economic development have improved living standards while fraying social ties and creating new social pressures. A once-rural society held together by extended families is now an urban one in which single children compete fiercely from preschool onward. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia are increasingly common among the young, while dementia increases among China's growing ranks of elderly.
(Related: China Faces Alzheimer's Care Crisis)
The failure to treat sufferers is as much a cultural problem as an institutional one. In China, those who suffer from mental illness are shunned. Families and individuals will often hide mental illness for fear of alienating friends, colleagues and potential spouses.
There's a political dimension, as well. In the 1960s, Mao Zedong outlawed the practice of psychiatry (he viewed it as bourgeois) and closed psychiatric hospitals, most of which were founded by foreign missionaries. The public hospitals have since reopened, but they're often used to incarcerate political dissidents.
