(Bloomberg) — Longer life spans and disappointing investment returns will help create a $400 trillion retirement-savings shortfall in about three decades, a figure more than five times the size of the global economy, according to a World Economic Forum report.
That includes a $224 trillion gap among six large pension-savings systems: the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Netherlands, Canada and Australia, according to the report issued Friday. China and India account for the rest.
Employers have been shifting away from pensions and offering defined-contribution plans, a category that includes 401(k)s and individual retirement accounts and makes up more than 50% of global retirement assets. That heaps more risk onto the individuals, who often face a lack of access to the right options as well as the resources to understand them, according to the World Economic Forum report. Stock and bond returns that have trailed historic averages in the past decade have also contributed to the gap.
"We're really at an inflection point," Michael Drexler, head of financial and infrastructure systems at the World Economic Forum, said in a phone interview. "Pension underfunding is the climate-change moment of social systems in the sense that there is still time to do something about it. But if you don't, in 20 or 30 years down the line, society will say it's a huge problem."
A shortfall of about $400 trillion could be reached by 2050, the World Economic Forum said. The figure is derived from the amount of money government, employers and individuals would need to provide each person with a retirement income equal to 70% of his or her annual earnings before leaving the workforce.
The gap is partially driven by an aging world population. Life expectancy has risen on average by about a year every five years since the middle of the last century, and half of babies born in the U.S. and Canada in 2007 may live to 104, according to the report. In Japan, the figure is 107 years.
The World Economic Forum said its calculations are based on publicly available data on government programs such as Social Security in the U.S.; employer-based contributions and individual savings. It assumed that workers would retire between the ages of 60 and 70.
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