The housing market last year didn't bode well for one valuable resource — timber — but that is only one ring in a tree's long life. The advantage in investing in timber as an asset class is optionality: Unlike other farm products, you can harvest your product when the price is right.
As the sustainable investment market continues to grow and gain importance in the financial world — Morningstar just released a report that more than $6 trillion in U.S. assets under management today incorporate sustainable investment factors — timber grows in stature as an asset class. As Doug Donnell, national timberland executive of U.S. Trust, notes: "Timber was green before green was cool."
Investing in timberland is made for the long haul, and definitely for high-net-worth individuals or funds. Donnell says that U.S. Trust, which is part of Bank of America's private wealth management group, asks clients to stay in the investment for 10 years to get the best return and requires a $5 million minimum. The payoff, however, can be worth it. Investors typically can get about an 8%-10% annual return, says Donnell.
GMO, co-founded by Jeremy Grantham, is another asset management firm involved in timber. It just released its seven-year real return forecast, which predicts that timber will be the best performing asset class with an estimated 4.8% per year return. In contrast, it forecast losses for U.S. large- and small-cap stocks.
The key with timber is not to exit too soon, says Donnell. He explains that a young tree six inches in diameter might be "pulp wood" and get only $6 to $10 per ton, but as it ages and grows it becomes more valuable. "If you attempt to sell at year three, you wouldn't get that [8%-10%] type of return…. The key is that biologic growth drives the investment and the majority of total return."
The downside is the low liquidity — it takes time to buy property and sell it – as well as the high minimums for direct investment. Donnell points out that "proxy" assets available to smaller or less patient investors include exchange-traded funds that focus on timber-related companies or timber real estate investment trusts, which are often included in some of those ETFs.
These REITs, however, have a higher correlation to the stock market and lose some of the benefits of direct timber investments, according to Donnell. In addition, REITs have limited flexibility, says Donnell. "If prices fall, they have to defend dividends, so they don't have the luxury of not harvesting."
