Dave Ramsey has lied to you.
It's probably unintentional, and could be rooted in either his lack of fundamental training and licensing or his lack of personal financial diversity. I'm not sure which of these is true, and while it's fun to speculate, I will not. The fact remains: Dave has lied to you. He will tell you financial peace is achieved by the accumulation of assets coupled with the eradication of debt. This is not true. No debt and no income still equal no financial peace.
Awhile back I said this to another advisor. He said, "Mike, you just don't understand how compounding interest works." To which I replied, "Let's see if we can agree. Compounding interest is when you're making interest on your interest's interest." He begrudgingly agreed. I asked him how many of his clients were able to live solely on the gains and, equally as important, save some of these gains for the years where losses, not gains, were the reality. He said, "Not many." Now, who do you think had an issue understanding compounding interest?
See this guy — and you know the type — agreed with Dave Ramsey that everyone should be invested entirely in "good growth stock mutual funds." What he missed, though, is that the benefit of compounding interest is what justifies the risk. Remove the compounding and you greatly reduce the benefits. So, the blanket statement that everyone should be in good growth mutual funds is a lie.
Real financial peace
Still, financial peace cannot be achieved by accumulating assets alone — even at higher growth rates and even with compounding interest. I want you to imagine with me for a minute. Imagine a young couple, a model of a loving marriage and family. They've got nearly a million dollars in retirement savings, no debts (they don't even mess with the three percent cash-back cards), and the wage earner makes enough for the spouse to stay home with the kids. By a show of hands how many can honestly tell me they don't have financial peace? Amazing, I don't see a single hand … neither literally nor figuratively.
Now, let me change one variable. I know you know people that have found themselves in this situation. What happens if the wage earner comes home one night and says, "Hun, I was fired for cause today. I don't agree with the reason and I think we should fight this. But I was fired for cause so I won't get a severance package; I won't even qualify for unemployment. My last check will be on Friday." How do you think the couple is feeling now? What fears would you have? Again, by a show of hands, how many people believe our couple still has financial peace? None, right?
But how on earth can that be? If financial peace can be achieved by following Dave Ramsey's Baby Steps — which means it's reached by the simple accumulation of assets and the elimination of debts — how could our couple have financial peace ripped away when all I changed was their income? What if the wage earner wasn't fired for cause but fired during a period of economic contraction? Although they'd still be with no debt and low income, the value of their retirement assets would be greatly reduced.
The reality is that no debt and 100 percent investment into "good growth stock mutual funds" isn't a financial plan. It's a marketing slogan.
I've been accused of being too harsh on Mr. Ramsey. I've gotten hate mail. I've received anonymous phone calls and letters. A Forbes writer even said recently that I'm trying to take away Dave Ramsey's First Amendment rights after reading a recent column of mine wherein I said Dave would be held to a fiduciary standard once the new Department of Labor fiduciary rule is enacted.
Let me be clear. My opinion that Dave Ramsey should be regulated isn't to "muzzle my competition," as the Forbes piece mistakenly concluded. Dave and I don't compete for clients. I write this column because Dave says things that those of us who are licensed and thus qualified to give advice could not say without repercussions. Dave uses bad math, and bad math leads to bad advice. Bad advice hurts people.
Here are some more examples of Dave's bad math.
The down payment dilemma
Brooke from Lancaster, Pa. calls into "The Dave Ramsey Show" to ask whether she and her husband should cash out a variable annuity that she feels hasn't performed well. They're in the middle of Baby Steps 4, 5 and 6. (If you aren't familiar with Dave's Baby Steps, you can read all about them here.) They purchased the annuity about ten years ago and originally deposited $13,400.
Brooke and her husband have found their "dream home" and, by cashing out the annuity, the extra amount they'll be able to add to their down payment will bring their monthly payment to 25 percent of net income, which Dave advises.
Dave tells Brooke to cash it out. To be fair, he also tells her to seek tax advice … but then he goes right ahead with his own advice anyway. Here are Dave's main points:
- The couple will owe about $2k in taxes.
- Although the caller said there was a penalty, Dave says that's not possible since variable annuity surrender charge periods are only seven years.
- This is NOT a Retirement account; it's an annuity account. As such, they'll only be taxed on the gains.
- Retirement accounts like 401(k)s and Roth IRAs are different. These accounts would have much greater taxes and penalties.
And now for the inaccuracies:
- We don't know the tax bracket and thus can't accurately conclude the taxable liability. You have to ask questions. Licensed people ask questions. Those who don't see claims filed against them. They are potentially fined, and eventually — either voluntarily or involuntarily — dismissed from this industry.
Since I'm not able to ask questions in this case, I'll make some basic assumptions about this caller. I think it's safe to say that the caller is in the 15 percent federal tax bracket, considering this starts a little shy of $20k of taxable income (adjusted gross income with deductions and exemptions subtracted). Anything greater than about $100k gross income lands you in the $25k tax bracket. If you're making $125k per year, you probably wouldn't choose to cash something out at $30k. I'm also giving Dave the benefit of the doubt here. Far fewer retirees than workers find themselves in the 25 percent bracket, since much of Social Security is not taxable. If Dave thought this couple was in the 25 or 28 percent tax bracket, I would assume he'd understand the taxable implications of either situation and instruct them to wait on the annuity sale.
So, let's proceed under the assumption that the couple is in the 15 percent federal tax bracket. Add Pennsylvania state tax at 3.07 percent, and we're at just over 18 percent total. But what about other liabilities due to the IRS? Keep reading.
Alright, let's get back to the main issue here. Dave says that if this were a retirement account he would not suggest selling it, given the taxes and penalties. But Dave, those taxes and penalties are still present even if your assumption about this not being a retirement account is correct. Variable annuities grow the interest tax deferred. And as such, even if the initial deposit was with after-tax dollars, the growth is subject to early distribution penalties for withdrawals prior to 59 1/2 if no exemption clauses are met.
What if Dave meant to only withdraw the principal? Doubtful, but it's a fun question worth asking. Since the early 80s —I believe 1983 — all withdrawals are taxed LIFO, or "last in first out." Meaning interest is taken out first. Therefore, we'll still have the same tax issues.
Sadly, this isn't the last inaccurate tax statement Dave makes here. He also says a retirement account would be taxed differently. Nope. Wrong. Thanks for playing, but still wrong. The withdrawal will be taxed as ordinary income, which is the same way that withdrawals from a retirement account would be taxed.
A closer look at taxation
5. OK, you caught me. There wasn't a No. 5, but let's get back to the issue of taxation. Let's assume that this annuity wasn't funded with a qualified rollover (although it probably was), and that an early distribution penalty does apply. Let's also assume that there are no surrender penalties.
Under these circumstances, here's the tax breakdown:
Current annuity value: $29,900
Original deposit: $13,400
Gain: $16,500
