How states can save PPACA without waiting for courts

Republicans, it has been widely noted, do not like Obamacare. Until last week, refusing to build a state exchange was an easy way for state Republicans to demonstrate opposition to Obamacare without actually incurring any cost to their constituents.

That calculus has now changed. If the court rules that subsidies are illegal in states that use the federal exchange, insurance will become unaffordable for the almost 5 million people who now get those subsidies. That includes almost 900,000 people in Florida, 615,000 in Texas, 325,000 in North Carolina and more than a quarter-million in both Georgia and Pennsylvania.

Those are numbers that no self-interested politician can ignore. These are people, remember, who already have insurance and could lose it if their state governments don't act. That makes the decision on exchanges different from a refusal to accept federal subsidies to expand Medicaid to provide health insurance to more people. It is easier to deny constituents a possible future benefit than it is to take away a benefit they are already using.

The practical objections have even less force. In the first year of Obamacare, it may have made sense for states to be wary of setting up their own exchanges and let the federal government run them. Now, however, their design and operation is well understood. They are not free, though the costs are not great. The federal government even offers states grants to set up exchanges — but the deadline to apply is this week. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has been flexible (sometimes to a fault) with the law's deadlines in the past, and it should be again.

Meanwhile, in states without federal subsidies, hospitals and other health-care providers will lose billions in revenue, while insurance companies may face the collapse of the individual market. Those businesses don't want the uncertainty of waiting for the court's ruling, to say nothing of the turmoil that could follow it.

Many governors and state legislators will still oppose the law on ideological grounds, of course. But every ideology has its costs — and in this case the costs to their constituents and business environment would be considerable, and entirely unnecessary.