Women work less, earn less and save more than men. They are also more likely to end up in poverty during their retirement.
Brookings recently looked at U.S. Census Bureau data and found that retired women, especially the divorced or widowed, are at risk for downward income mobility and poverty.
The poverty rate of those 65 and older, according to 2013 Census Bureau data, shows a clear difference between men and women. Of those aged 65 and older, the poverty rate for women is almost double that of men, 11.6% for women 65 and older compared with 6.8% for men.
That's not to say women aren't saving, because they are. A Vanguard analysis of more than 1 million 401(k) savers found that women are 10% more likely to enroll in their workplace savings plan and save a bigger chunk of their paychecks, but those women had an average balance that was considerably less than men, $78,000 vs. the male average balance of $121,000.
Nicole Mayer, a partner at the wealth management firm RPG – Life Transition Specialists, attributed the difference between men and women's retirement savings and poverty rate to several factors: women tend to work less, earn less and live longer.
"A lot of times women take off for childbearing years, to raise kids and also women tend to be the ones to help with aging parents or a sick spouse — so they end up working less," Mayer said. "When you're working less, you're not putting away — even if being an aggressive saver when they are working — they can't necessarily keep up with the same amount of savings.
Research has shown that women work overall 12 years less than men do over the course of their careers, according to the AARP Public Policy Institute.
"Well, 12 years compounding interest, that's a huge dollar amount that is hard to catch up to even if they're saving more," Mayer said. "A lot of it is societal. The women's role is generally, obviously, to have kids and then they raise kids and generally the women end up helping their aging parents and they take time off for that."
Moreover, add to that the data that men typically earn more than women and the average lifespan is longer for women — that all "plays into how women end up saving more but having less in retirement," Mayer said.
