New disclosure rules and the threat of fiduciary violation lawsuits have helped bring down investment management, recordkeeping and other fees in 401(k) and other retirement accounts. Now revenue-sharing is following suit.
According to a 2013 survey by Boston-based investment consultancy NEPC, total plan costs for sponsors declined 0.02% from 2012 to 2013, falling to 0.53%. That's equivalent to a yearly charge of $5.30 for every $1,000 invested. That figure had been 0.59% in 2010, so the savings are in the many millions of dollars.
NEPC's survey also found that revenue-sharing arrangements – used to help offset, or in some cases, to pay for all plan-related expenses – began to decline in 2010 and continued to do so in 2013. It found that 13% of plans had no form of revenue sharing whatsoever, a figure that most expect will only grow.
NEPC found that the weighted average revenue share in 2013 was under 0.11% vs. more than 0.16% in 2008.
While that's good news, concerns about excessive revenue-sharing and transparency remain.
That's because, as things still stand, participants in most qualified plans pay the majority of plan costs through a combination of investment-related expenses and contract charges. These are typically netted from performance on a daily basis, but they are not expressed in dollars and cents. As a result, many participants mistakenly believe they are not paying expenses at all and that they are getting a 401(k) plan "for free."
The Department of Labor's 404(a)(5) disclosure form, which is issued annually by each plan and addresses participant-level fees, is supposed to help make these deal more transparent.
Gregory C. Lewis, a principal at Boston's Pinnacle Financial Group, said the DOL had good intentions in mind in adopting its new disclosure rules. "Since qualified plans can be costly undertakings, and participants bear the majority of plan costs, the DOL has endeavored through 404(a)(5) to educate participants about the various costs and fees that impact their plan accounts," he said.
But the DOL has fallen short in its bid to adequately inform participants, according to Evan Rapp, managing partner with RPG Consultants, Valley Stream, New York.
"The 404(a)(5) participant disclosure notices include quarterly fee reporting, as well as an annual fee report. (But) this report is extremely complicated and many pages. There is no way the average participant understands it," Rapp said.
"I believe the government had the best of intentions when they passed these laws. Sadly, they have done little good for 401(k) participants," he said. "Revenue-sharing is still permitted, but now must be disclosed in a 50-page document that is distributed once a year. So, except for additional paperwork, nothing really has changed. They can advertise 'free' 401(k) plans while getting all their revenue from the funds."
The DOL hasn't issued any explicit guidance on how to deal with revenue-sharing, so plan sponsors have needed to be careful about possible conflicts of interest, as well as the reasonableness of amounts paid to service providers.
Jason Chepenik, a 401(k) plan consultant in Winter Park, Fla., recently helped Intersil Corp., a semiconductor maker in Milpitas, Calif., revamp its 401(k) plan using low-cost funds with no revenue-sharing fees.
To fill the gap from the loss of revenue-sharing, workers pay an annual administrative fee equal to 0.09% of their account balances, he said. In all, Intersil workers will save more than $600,000 a year in fees on the $330 million they have invested, with the savings coming from both lower charges from a new plan recordkeeper and the use of lower-cost funds, Chepenik calculated.
