WASHINGTON (AP) — Elaine Vlieger is making some concessions to Alzheimer's. She's cut back on her driving, frozen dinners replace once elaborate cooking, and a son monitors her finances. But the Colorado woman lives alone and isn't ready to give up her house or her independence.
Some 800,000 people with Alzheimer's, roughly 1 in 7 Americans with the disease, live alone in their communities, according to surprising new data from the Alzheimer's Association. It's a different picture of the mind-destroying disease than the constant caregiving that eventually these people will need.
Many such as Vlieger cope on their own during dementia's earlier stages with support from family and friends who keep in close contact.
"I'm still pretty healthy," says Vlieger, 79, who sought a neurology exam after realizing she was struggling to find words. "I'm just real careful."
But support or not, living alone with a disease that gradually strips people of the ability to know when they need help brings special safety concerns, and loved ones on the sideline agonize over when to step in.
"We don't want to have to force it before it's time. But how do we know?" asks Marla Vlieger of Denver, Elaine Vlieger's daughter-in-law.
There's no easy answer to that, and it's a challenge that only will grow as Alzheimer's surges in the coming years. Already, an estimated 5.4 million people in the United States have Alzheimer's or similar dementias. That number is expected to reach up to 16 million by 2050 because the population is aging so rapidly.
Census figures show that nearly one-third of all people 65 and older live alone, and by their 80s more than half of women do. Most older people say they want to stay in their homes as long as possible, and developing cognitive impairment doesn't automatically mean they can't, says Beth Kallmyer, a social worker who heads constituent services for the Alzheimer's Association.
The association's new analysis illustrates the balancing act between a patient's autonomy and safety. People with dementia who live alone tend to be less impaired than those who live with caregivers. But they are impaired, and studies show they have a greater risk of injuries, even accidental death, than patients who don't live alone.
There's no one to check that the stove wasn't left on or to notice right away if the person gets lost or has a fall.
Marla Vlieger, who lives nearby and is her mother-in-law's primary caregiver, worries about those possibilities. She attends Alzheimer's support groups to learn from other families' experiences. But unlike her mother-in-law, the patients she's met have a spouse who can spot problems in a way that even regular visitors such as the younger Vlieger and her husband cannot.
Moreover, surveys suggest that as many as half of those with dementia who live alone can't identify anyone as their caregiver, someone who at least checks in periodically to see how they're faring, the association reported. Too often, those are the people whose dementia is discovered in an emergency, such as when neighbors call police to check on a senior whom no one has seen in days, Kallmyer says.
Specialists struggle with how to advise patients who show up with no one to help, like the 68-year-old man who drove himself to Maine Medical Center for a memory evaluation and said he's not close to his only relative.
"He couldn't draw a clock. He couldn't complete a check correctly. And he couldn't make change for a $5 bill," geriatric physician Dr. Laurel Coleman, who diagnosed the man, told a recent meeting of the government's Alzheimer's advisers.
