Reverse mortgages have come under scrutiny in recent years as a result of high fees and the numerous scams that populate the edges of the industry. Now, AARP is challenging reverse mortgage foreclosures, claiming that lenders failed to offer borrowers the option to purchase their property for 95% of the property's appraised value—as required under the borrowers' contracts with their lenders.
The class action lawsuit, filed against defendants Wells Fargo and Fannie Mae in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, is the second suit filed by AARP over this issue in the last year.
In contrast to a standard mortgage, where a homeowner makes monthly payments that increase his or her equity in the property, a reverse mortgage makes payments to the homeowner that decrease the homeowner's equity in the property. Amounts loaned to the homeowner under the reverse mortgage do not need to be repaid until the homeowner dies and the home is sold.
Reverse mortgages are often sold to consumers with the promise that a surviving spouse will have the right to stay in the home after their spouse dies. And some reverse mortgages give heirs, including surviving spouses, a right to purchase the property after the mortgagee's death—often at discount to the appraised value of the property.
Under pre-2008 Housing and Urban Development rules, a reverse mortgage borrower (and their heirs) could never owe than the value of their home at the time of repayment. In 2008, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) changed its rules, with the result that an heir, surviving spouse included, who was not named in the mortgage was required to pay the full mortgage balance to keep the home, even where the mortgage balance was greater than the property's value.
The unfair result of the rule was that an unrelated purchaser had the ability to buy the home for its fair market value while an heir did not. That motivated the original AARP lawsuit.
