What does it take to manage money successfully in an economic climate widely considered the worst since America's Great Depression? Consider the winners of the 2009 Separately Managed Accounts Awards, as typified by the team at Geneva Capital Management in Milwaukee, which has won three years in a row for its mid-cap equity portfolio. All the winners have one thing in common, according to J. Gibson Watson III, president of Denver-based Prima Capital Holding: "Investment quality reigns. These firms, regardless of their asset class and their particular management discipline, have a very clear eye on investment quality. That is, they're quality organizations, they have quality people, they have quality sustainable, repeatable processes and they can articulate their philosophy and their process and how they are in the relentless pursuit of generating alpha performance for their clients."
The 2009 Separately Managed Account Awards honor seven managers in six categories. In the large cap equity category, the winners are Eaton Vance's Large Cap Value Equity and Golden Capital Management's Large Cap Core. Advisory Research's Small/Mid Cap Value Equity took the top spot in the small- cap U.S. equity category. Harding Loevner Management's International Equity ADR won in the international equity category. Geneva Capital Management, a familiar face in the SMA of the Year winner's circle, had the best mid-cap U.S. equity portfolio with its Mid Cap Equity portfolio. In a year when cash is king and liquidity rules, there were two winners in the fixed income category. Segall Bryant & Hamill took the honors for its taxable Core Fixed Income, and Breckinridge Capital Advisors won for its Enhanced Tax-Free Income.
Annus Horribilis
In 2008, the SMA advisor sector absorbed a heavy blow as global capital markets across the board contracted. In the fourth quarter, the segment experienced outflows of more than $21 billion and a decline in assets of 21%, according to the Money Management Institute in Washington. SMA advisory assets were down 38% in 2008. MMI ascribes the precipitous decline to the SMA market's tendency to be heavily weighted in large-cap equities, making it closely correlated to fluctuations in the overall equity market. As well, SMA programs generally don't allow investors to hold cash or cash-like instruments, forcing investors to search for programs that enabled them to meet their cash needs. Finally, the Institute sees SMA programs in transition as more efficient united management account platforms come online, offering multiple investment products within a single account structure.
In this fraught investment environment, due diligence on asset managers has become more important than ever, but emphasizing the quantitative aspects of a fund won't suffice in the year ahead, according to Prima Capital's Watson. "The old watchword, particularly in the brokerage industry, is that performance sells," he says. "And many financial advisors would recommend or sell managers to their clients based on past performance. It's a pretty straightforward returns-based analysis, whether you're looking at a one-year, three-year, five-year, seven-year, or 10-year returns. Now, in the aftermath of 2008 and Q4 2008 in particular, advisors are going to have a really tough time selling managers based solely on performance. If you take that approach with your clients, the odds are they're not going to be invested in equities for the next one-year, three-year, five-year, seven-year, 10-year period, which would be a real disservice to the client."
Watson says that it's now incumbent on the advisor to focus more on the qualitative aspects of due diligence: understanding the manager's philosophy and investment process, assessing the risk controls on the portfolio, and ferreting out how the manager generates performance. In addition, advisors are going to have to look at a different set of quantitative analytics–rolling-period performance–focusing a clear eye on relative risk-adjusted returns over time. Finally, they're going to have to study longer time periods because shorter timeframes will look horrible on a purely quantitative basis.
[Editor's Note: All data in this article is from Prima Capital Holding and is as of December 31, 2008.]
Mid-Cap Equity Award–Geneva Capital Management
Amy Croen and Michelle Picard, co-portfolio managers for Milwaukee-based investment firm Geneva Capital Management's $800 million mid-cap equity portfolio, have always looked for companies with defensive characteristics that offer the potential to grow in the long term–companies that have the financial flexibility to access capital, should they need it, or generate sufficient cashflow if it's tough to get capital in the debt or equity marketplaces. Now, when much of corporate America is caught in the throes of a massive credit crunch, the managers say their selections are actually poised to strengthen their positions in their respective industries.
"A lot of the companies we invested in are taking market share now, so even if their stock prices are down, we want to maintain a core position in those holdings," Croen says.
Aside from strict quantitative analysis, a key part of finding companies that have a sufficient competitive advantage and can make it through tough times is to understand and believe in their management teams. Stock prices often go down because there is a lack of trust in the system, Croen says, but getting to know a management team well means being able to trust that they will do the right thing when it's required.
"When we meet company management, we don't ask them 'Are you going to beat the quarter?' Instead, we're asking them questions like 'Five years from now, what do you think your company will look like? Will you be in the same industries you're in now? If the economy gets worse, do you need to cut expenses?"'
Eighty percent of Geneva Capital's investment process is driven by bottom-up analysis, but there is also a top-down layer that helps, particularly in tough times like these, says Michelle Picard, co-portfolio manager with Croen. Every quarter, the portfolio managers spend time with economists to put together a comprehensive 30-page report on the general economic outlook, and this helps draw attention to any changes on the horizon.
"We saw a slowdown in consumer spending, for instance, because of this research, and in response to that we didn't add any new positions in consumer discretionary," Picard says. "Even if we did, those companies would have had something else to pull them along."
Banking is another sector that was heralded as a red flag by the macro research, and as a result, Geneva Capital has had no banks in the mid-cap portfolio for over a year, Croen says.
"We sold off because we saw a slowdown in bank lending such that consumers weren't getting their home equity loans anymore, and [so] the banking industry wasn't much of a growth industry," Croen says. "Now, it's in a crisis."
Although Geneva Capital is, in general, quite sector-agnostic by virtue of looking for individual company opportunities, the firm nevertheless tries to maintain a diversified portfolio. The strength of the team–which has been together for number of years–is also an important part of its success. Croen and Picard work closely with William Priebe, Geneva Capital's founder, and Scott Priebe, vice president and co-portfolio manager. Each member of the team also invests in Geneva's products, so that "our clients know that we are not just making recommendations to them, but also eating our own cooking," Picard says.–Savita Iyer-Ahrestani
Large-Cap Value Award–Eaton Vance
After Michael Mach joined Eaton Vance in 1999, he and his colleagues spent much time crafting the Large Cap Value Equity strategy, which now has a hefty $18 billion under management out of total firm assets of $122 billion. "To be successful in the investment business, you need two things: a commonsense approach to your style of investing, in this case large-cap value investing, and a committed team of experienced people who believe in that strategy," says Mach. "If you put those two things together, you're going to have a successful outcome."
Eaton Vance's strategy is to build a diversified portfolio of companies with strong business franchises and good growth prospects. Importantly, the investment team is very disciplined in taking positions in companies only when shares are available at discount valuations. At the same time, Eaton Vance does not buy broken companies with the prospect that they'll turn around and do well. "For us, that's a little too risky," says Mach.
"The first step toward building long-term wealth is doing a good job of preserving capital in tough down markets," he says. "When you look at that philosophy, you'll see a number of risk limiters woven through it." Mach says diversification helps limit stock-specific and sector-specific risk. No position in the portfolio is allowed to go over 3%. Similarly, about 80% to 85% of alpha comes from stock selection. The investment team does not make big sector bets, though occasionally it will modestly overweight or underweight a sector versus its primary benchmark, the Russell 1000 Value Index.
Mach and his team want to buy strong franchise companies. They then look for companies with good balance sheets, which will help offset financial risk. They also favor companies that are market leaders because these offer greater competitive stability than a new market entrant or a mid-tier company, and that competitive stability serves to limit business risk. Finally, buying stocks at discount valuations helps to limit price risk.
The goal, says Mach, is to get strong returns without the stomach churn that so often comes with equity investing. What about 2008? "We used a lot of Pepto-Bismol last year," jokes Mach. "Sometimes there's no place to hide." But Eaton Vance hasn't had to do a lot of hiding since Mach came on board, as the portfolio has churned out strong risk-adjusted performance. On a three-year rolling basis, the Large Cap Value strategy has had only one losing period in 10 years.–Michael S. Fischer
Small-/Mid-Cap Value Award–Advisory Research
Chicago-based Advisory Research has been in the asset management business since 1974. The privately held firm's highly experienced management team has been executing the same investment philosophy and discipline for a quarter century. Founder David Heller was joined by Brien O'Brien in 1996. Jim Langer came on board in 1999, and Eric Miller in 2006. Advisory Research has $4.5 billion under management, with $1.4 billion in the Small/Mid Cap Value Equity strategy.
The investment team follows a patient, bottom-up, fundamentally based research methodology, according to O'Brien. "Stock selection starts out with a very precise, very quantitative screening process, looking for companies selling at a discount to book value, appropriate debt-to-equity levels, which vary with given sectors, and profitability." The team takes the quantitative output of that process and develops a working list, which it combs through to identify candidates for further research. This in turn prompts a preliminary qualitative research process. For stocks that warrant significant further fundamental research, the team generally seeks profitable companies with significant tangible book value, low levels of debt, and credible management teams. Finally, a group of stocks emerges that the team wants to buy.
"We also have our Darwinian process," says O'Brien. "If there's a name we want to buy that's more attractive than something we hold in the portfolio, that causes us to force out the name in the portfolio to put the new name in. This is a real benefit to what we do as far as maintaining a maximum on the number of stocks we buy. It forces us to select the best and the brightest, in our opinion."
Last year, Small/Mid Cap Value Equity significantly outperformed its benchmark, the Russell 2500 Value Index. O'Brien attributes that in part to stock selection in the financial services sector. "We generally avoided the financial names that experienced the most dramatic price depreciation," he says, "or sold those companies that appeared to be under increasing financial pressure as the markets appeared to be deteriorating."
As valuations climbed significantly but became difficult to support by mid-year, the team aggressively sold several energy issues ahead of the dramatic fall in oil and natural gas prices. Even so, the fund did not entirely escape the decline in prices, says O'Brien.–Michael S. Fischer
Large-Cap Core Award–Golden Capital Management
Golden Capital Management celebrated its 10th anniversary in March 2009. Jeff Moser and Greg Golden started the firm in Charlotte, North Carolina, to offer strategies they had developed as colleagues at Bank of America, where Golden was lead manager for an enhanced index product and Moser was lead manager for a large-cap core product. Their Large Cap Core portfolio now has a 13-year track record.
At the end of January, Golden Capital had $2.7 billion in assets under management. The flagship Large Cap Core's share of that was $1.6 billion, according to Moser. The firm has successfully penetrated the retail distribution channel, and it has access to Wells Fargo's wholesaling staff.
