In today's uncertain estate tax planning environment, life insurance trusts can offer choices for couples looking for flexibility in their financial planning. The single-life spousal irrevocable life insurance trust can provide financial flexibility not available in a traditional ILIT.
If you aren't familiar with the single-life spousal ILIT, here's a brief introduction of how one works:
- The grantor-spouse gifts assets to the single-life spousal ILIT to fund the life insurance premiums.
- The trustee of the single-life spousal ILIT purchases a life insurance policy on the life of the grantor-spouse. The trust is the owner and beneficiary of the policy.
- The non-grantor spouse is the trust beneficiary and may receive distributions from the trust for health, education, maintenance and support (HEMS), subject to the "ascertainable standard" while the insured is alive, as well as after the insured's death.
- Upon the death of both spouses, the trust assets may pass on to their heirs.
As long as the grantor-spouse does not retain any interest in the ILIT, the death benefit should not be included in his estate. Specifically, the grantor-spouse cannot have the ability to exercise any power the IRS has defined as an incident of ownership. The non-grantor spouse or children of the grantor may also serve as trustee or co-trustees, as long as the trust is properly drafted.
If the couple lives in a community property state or own jointly held property, the grantor-spouse should use separate property to make gifts to the ILIT. This will keep the non-insured spouse from being considered a grantor. To avoid this potential problem, the couple can use separate property agreements and have some property individually titled.
