Quick Take: To Whit Gardner, talk is not the opposite of action, it's the prerequisite for it. For the $601.7-million Chesapeake Core Growth Fund (CHCGX), Gardner and co-manager John Lewis instruct their team of 12 analysts to chat up as many company CEOs, CFOs, research directors, suppliers, customers, and competitors as possible. The team tracks the information over time in search of unexpected insights about potentially profitable investments.
The fund returned an annualized 19.2% over the three years through Sept. 30, 2005, compared with a 14.2% gain for its large-cap growth peers and 16.7% for the S&P 500 Index. Over one year, the fund gained 13.6%, versus returns of 12.8% and 12.3%, respectively, for the peer group and the Index. Year to date, the fund has lagged somewhat, gaining 1.0%, versus the peers' 2.9% rise and the Index's 2.8% climb.
As benchmarks, the co-managers use the Russell 1000 Growth Index for comparing short-term results, although over the long term they strive to beat the S&P 500. The fund's expense ratio is 1.33%, versus 1.41% for large-cap growth peers; its standard deviation, a measure of volatility, is 13.79, about equal to the peers' 13.92 average. The fund features an annual turnover rate of 59.5%, significantly lower than peers' 84.8% figure.
Of the fund's 47 holdings as of Sept. 30, 2005, the five largest were Caremark Rx Inc. (CMX), 3.3%; CIGNA Corp. (CI), 3.2%; St. Jude Medical Inc. (STJ), 3.0%; Capital One Financial (COF), 2.9% and Monsanto Co. (MON), 2.5%. The fund's top five sectors comprised information technology, 25.3%; health care, 20.4%; consumer discretionary, 16.8%; financials, 13.2%; and industrials, 9.9%.
The Full Interview:
S&P: How would you describe your investment philosophy?
GARDNER: We think the best way to extract differentiated information is to go directly to the source. We contact company managements, their customers, competitors, and suppliers to try to understand what's occurring in the business, how that differs from what Wall Street expects, and how we could benefit from an appreciation in stock price as that information becomes disseminated.
We will not own more than 50 stocks in our portfolio. The point is to be different enough from the benchmark so we can outperform it.
S&P: What is your investment strategy on the fund, and how do you execute your philosophy?
GARDNER: We call companies on a regular basis to understand if things are changing. We attempt to call the entire universe at least once per year, and companies we're interested in far more often that. Our investible universe comprises any company above $5 billion in market cap that isn't heavily cyclical — or about 600 stocks in total. We average between 6,000 and 8,000 contacts each year. We also make face-to-face visits, I think we've averaged over 2,000 a year for a decade.
Today, anyone with Yahoo Finance subscription can screen for whatever they want. The information is not differentiated, it doesn't add to value. The same is true for Wall Street analysis. So we don't use screens or Wall Street research.
We want to chase information wherever it takes us. For example, in 2002, while we were looking at Teradyne Inc. (TER), we talked to Power-One Inc. (PWER), a supplier, and learned that its business with Cisco Systems Inc. (CSCO) was particularly strong. So we ended up buying Cisco, which was a good investment.
If we were more traditional, we could have had three different analysts following those companies and never made the connection — Teradyne is a semiconductor name, Power-One is an industrial, and Cisco is a networker. Or perhaps our semiconductor analyst could have concluded that Teradyne was not interesting and gone on to the next semiconductor company. The point is, if you pigeonhole your analysts, they will become myopic in their view, and your opportunity to create a portfolio of the best names diminishes.
S&P: What are your buy criteria?
GARDNER: We look for three main factors. What's the company's growth rate? We try to invest in businesses whose profit (or cash flow) is growing at 15% annually. We look out over three-to-five years and say, what is the longevity associated with the company's products or services?
Second, is the stock priced in a manner which will it allow it to appreciate? The earnings should grow at a specific rate, and the multiple should expand as well. That protects you on the downside if you are in a lousy market.
Third, what's the change — is there a new product, management, distribution strategy, or manufacturing technology? Is there something going on in the business that may later cause people to pay more for the stock?
S&P: What types of stocks do you avoid?
We avoid stocks that are heavily cyclical, whose earnings are more difficult to predict and depend solely on the price of the underlying commodities. However, if the company has intellectual property protection and a market that needs be served, it could be less susceptible to macroeconomic influences and thus become more interesting to us.
