Are Flat Fees Really Better for Clients—or for Advisors?

Commentary July 08, 2015 at 10:00 PM
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One of my failings is that when someone explains something to me starting with statements that strike me as patently ridiculous, I tend to discount the rest of their thinking. (For example: "In the richest country in the world… ," as if relative wealth means unlimited wealth.) Over the years, I've come to realize that people can have something valuable to say, even if their supporting arguments are hopelessly flawed, so I try not to react until I've heard all of their idea.

With that said, I have to admit that when, about a year ago, a financial planner raised the latest argument for flat fees with me, I wasn't very receptive after her opening statement: "AUM fees are commissions." That's unfortunate because I do think that "flat" advisory fees have some advantages over AUM fees under certain circumstances. But the current "all or nothing" thinking that advisors have to be either 100% flat fees or 100% AUM fees obscures these advantages.

For example, in a comment to my May 2 blog, "Bob Veres is Wrong About Flat Fees," a planner anonymously wrote: "None of these arguments change the spirit of the flat-fee position. […] This piece still doesn't explain why collecting more money for managing $2 million, the exact same way an advisor would manage $1 million, is justified. Assuming advisors should be compensated for 1) actual work (time) put into a case and 2) performance of the solution, how is the AUM fee a rational conclusion? If $2 million is managed the same way as $1 million, why the additional fees? The difference in effort is zero and performance is the same. Why should the $2 million client pay more?"

This comment is exactly what I'm talking about: In his or her zeal to defend flat fees, the author ignores the reasons behind the current shift of virtually the entire retail advisory world—including financial planners, brokers, insurance agents, bank reps and accountants—to managing assets for a percentage fee. Here, the author is essentially making the same argument that Veres made: that it is unfair for clients with larger portfolios to pay more in actual dollars than clients with smaller portfolios. As with most of the recent criticisms of AUM fees that I've seen, this author at least appears to believe that AUM fees are a new idea, invented by independent advisors.

As most of us know, this is far from reality. Based on my work 20 years ago, writing the "Worth Guide to Private Banking," I can tell you that wealthy individuals and families (with portfolios measured in the hundreds of millions of dollars) have paid AUM fees for a least a couple of hundred years. And those folks don't tend to be dumb about their money. (Not that wealthy people are smarter than anybody else, but their lawyers and accountants tend to be.) So, we can safely say that the "smart money" has no problem paying more in actual dollars to have their money managed.

Speaking for what I believe to be the majority of AUM fee compensated advisors, another anonymous author tells us why in a comment to the same blog: "Assuming I'm managing efficient portfolios for my clients, the larger accounts stand to benefit much more in dollar terms than smaller accounts, so I think the AUM fee is fine. It's proportionate to the value I add for my clients. You can always adjust the fee percentage down for larger accounts anyway. With the AUM model, you can also consider how high maintenance a client may be and any other factors when considering fee reductions, which you wouldn't be able to do in a flat fee model. I don't charge directly for financial planning, but I really do when I consider any fee reductions for a client. I like the flexibility of the AUM model and my clients are fine with it as well."

What's more, today's critics of AUM fees (such as the first commenter) seem to focus entirely on the dollar amounts that clients pay, while ignoring the additional benefits that clients receive in AUM fee advisory relationships (like arguing that Mercedes rips people off because they could get to the same destinations in a Honda). First, do advisors really design and manage larger portfolios "exactly the same way" they manage smaller portfolios? Considering risk tolerances, time horizons, ultimate uses (inheritance, philanthropy, etc.), I think we can agree: probably not. And keep in mind, the AUM isn't just payment for portfolio management. As the second commenter pointed out, it goes for financial planning, and possibly tax planning, trust work, overall risk management, etc. I think it's the experience of most financial advisors that wealthier clients have more complex financial issues.

And finally, the flat fee advocates always seem to skate right over the "identity of interest" thing. One of the big problems with commission-compensated "advice" is that brokers get paid up front, regardless of how their investment recommendation performs for the client. Well, guess what? Flat fees have the same problem: The advisor gets paid the same whether the portfolio she created makes money or loses money. Sure, that's better for the advisor–no more hits to revenue when the markets go down–but how do you think the clients feel about that?

I can tell you as a client, I like it that my advisor makes less when my portfolio goes down, and I'm happy to pay more when my portfolio grows. I also like my advisor having an incentive to grow my portfolio: It puts the advisor on my side of the table—both ethically and financially—which is not true in flat fee relationships. Sure, AUM fees have some conflicts as well, like mortgage payoffs and direct business investments, but they're easy to see and understand. Taken together, AUM fees are better for the clients, which just might be why assets are pouring into AUM accounts. In my next blog, I'll talk about good ways to use flat fees.

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