Mario Draghi led the European Central Bank into a new era with an historic pledge to buy government bonds as part of an asset-purchase program worth about 1.1 trillion euros ($1.3 trillion).
The ECB president side-stepped German-led opposition to quantitative easing in a once-and-for-all push to revive inflation and the euro-area economy. The central bank will buy 60 billion euros per month of securities until September 2016. The ECB also reduced the cost of its long-term loans to banks.
A near-stagnant economy and the risk of deflation forced Draghi's hand six years after the Federal Reserve took a similar step to inject cash into the U.S. The 67-year-old Italian's gamble is that the benefits of quantitative easing outweigh the threat of a backlash in Germany.
The ECB "decided to launch an expanded asset-program encompassing the existing purchase programs of ABS and covered bonds," Draghi told reporters in Frankfurt. "We see sustained adjustment in the path of inflation which is consistent with our aim of achieving our aim of inflation rates close to but below 2%."
Investors reacted by selling the euro and buying European stocks. The currency extended declines as Draghi spoke, weakening 1.2% to $1.1473 at 3:30 p.m. in Frankfurt. Athanasios Vamvakidis, head of G-10 foreign-exchange strategy at Bank of America Merrill Lynch, said the plan was at the high end of market expectations. The Euro Stoxx 50 added 0.8%.
'Necessary Step'
"We've been waiting for something like this, we've now got it," Morgan Stanley Chief Executive Officer James Gorman said in an interview with Bloomberg Television in Davos, Switzerland. "This is a very important first step and a necessary step."
The ECB's shift exacerbates an emerging global divergence in monetary policy. While the Fed is now considering when to tighten credit, central banks in Denmark, Turkey, India, Canada and Peru all announced surprise rate cuts in the past week. The Swiss National Bank shocked investors by dropping a cap on the franc.
Reflecting the drive for consensus that has been a hallmark of Europe's response to years of rolling crises, Draghi made concessions to secure as much support as possible for QE.
